UNESCO stands for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Established in 1945, UNESCO aims to promote international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural initiatives. The organization provides a platform for nations to work together to achieve common goals in education, protect cultural heritage, and foster scientific advancements. UNESCO is known for its programs that promote literacy, protect world heritage sites, and encourage freedom of expression. It also plays a role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, sustainable development, and the importance of education in fostering peace and security.