The study of the Earth’s structure and processes is called geology. Geology encompasses the examination of Earth’s materials, such as rocks, minerals, and soils, as well as the processes that shape the Earth's surface, including erosion, sedimentation, and tectonic activity. Geologists investigate Earth’s history through the study of rock layers and fossils, helping to understand past environments and climate changes. This field is crucial for resource management, natural hazard assessment, and environmental protection. Geology also intersects with other disciplines, including paleontology, oceanography, and environmental science, providing a comprehensive understanding of our planet.