The process through which plants convert sunlight into energy is called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to produce glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. The process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures light energy. Plants use the glucose generated as an energy source for growth, reproduction, and maintenance of vital functions. Furthermore, photosynthesis plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem, contributing to the oxygen content of the atmosphere and forming the foundation of the food chain for virtually all living organisms.