The layer of gases surrounding the Earth is called the atmosphere. This protective envelope consists of multiple layers, including the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life by providing oxygen, absorbing harmful solar radiation, and regulating temperature. It is composed primarily of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%), along with trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide and argon. The atmosphere is dynamic and essential for weather patterns, climate change, and environmental protection, making it a vital component of Earth's ecosystem and sustaining life as we know it.