A person who studies fossils is called a paleontologist. Paleontology is a branch of geology that focuses on understanding the history of life on Earth through the examination of fossilized remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Paleontologists conduct fieldwork to excavate fossils and analyze their morphology, structure, and distribution. They use this information to reconstruct past ecosystems, evolutionary processes, and climate changes. The work of paleontologists contributes significantly to our understanding of biodiversity, paleoenvironments, and the history of life, enhancing our knowledge of both ancient and modern species.