The disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C is scurvy. This condition is marked by symptoms such as fatigue, swollen gums, joint pain, and anemia. Scurvy occurs when the body lacks sufficient Vitamin C, essential for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and the maintenance of healthy skin and blood vessels. Historically, scurvy affected sailors and others who had limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables during long voyages. The discovery that citrus fruits could prevent scurvy, leading to the phrase "an apple a day keeps the doctor away," highlights the importance of a balanced diet.