The country that is home to the ancient civilization of the Incas is Peru. The Inca Empire, known for its advanced agricultural practices, architectural achievements, and extensive road systems, thrived in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The Incas are best known for their incredible site of Machu Picchu, which showcases their engineering and agricultural ingenuity. Their rich culture included intricate textiles, impressive stonework, and a complex societal structure. The legacy of the Incas continues to influence Peru's identity and is a significant attraction for visitors today.