The colors that make up the rainbow are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These colors can be remembered using the acronym ROYGBIV. Rainbows occur when sunlight is refracted and dispersed by water droplets in the atmosphere, leading to this spectrum of colors. Each hue represents different wavelengths of light, with red having the longest wavelength and violet having the shortest. The beauty of a rainbow is not only visually stunning but also serves as a reminder of nature's wonders, often appearing after rain when sunlight breaks through clouds.