The civilization that built Machu Picchu in Peru is the Inca Empire. The Incas were a powerful civilization that thrived in the Andes Mountains from the early 1400s until the Spanish conquest in the 1530s. Machu Picchu, often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas," was likely a royal estate or religious site. Its remarkable architecture demonstrates advanced engineering techniques and a deep understanding of the natural environment. The site is renowned for its terraced agricultural fields, intricate stone structures, and sophisticated water management systems, reflecting the Incas' ingenuity and cultural legacy.