Fertilizers typically contain three primary chemical compounds: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), often referred to as N-P-K. Nitrogen promotes vigorous plant growth and leafy development, phosphorus aids in root development and flowering, while potassium contributes to overall plant health and disease resistance. Fertilizers can be organic, derived from natural sources, or synthetic, created through chemical processes. The balanced application of these compounds helps enhance soil fertility, leading to improved crop yields and healthier plant life.