The art movement characterized by abstract shapes and bright colors is known as Abstract Expressionism. Emerging in the mid-20th century, this movement emphasizes spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation, often showcasing the artist's emotional state. Prominent figures include Jackson Pollock, known for his drip paintings, and Mark Rothko, recognized for his large, color-filled canvases. Abstract Expressionism broke traditional forms of representation, focusing instead on the act of painting itself and inviting viewers to engage with the artwork on a personal, emotional level.