The animal with the fastest running speed is the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), known for its incredible sprinting ability. A cheetah can accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour (about 97 km/h) in just a few seconds, making it the fastest land animal. This speed is primarily achieved due to its lightweight body, elongated limbs, and unique adaptations in its respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Cheetahs typically use their speed to hunt prey, making quick bursts of speed during short distances essential for their survival.