The ancient civilization known for its contributions to medicine and astronomy is ancient Egypt. The Egyptians made significant advances in both fields, with their practices documented in texts such as the Edwin Smith Papyrus and Ebers Papyrus, which included surgical techniques and remedies for various ailments. In astronomy, they developed a calendar based on lunar and solar cycles, which laid the groundwork for future astronomical studies. The Egyptian priests were also skilled in observing celestial bodies and predicting events related to agriculture. Their contributions have had a lasting impact on both medicine and astronomical understanding.