The ancient civilization known for creating aqueducts is the Romans. They developed an extensive network of aqueducts that transported water from distant sources into cities and towns, dramatically improving public health and sanitation. Roman engineers designed these structures to exploit gravity, often building arches and bridges to maintain a steady flow of water over long distances. Some famous examples include the Aqua Appia and Aqua Claudia, which were vital for supplying water to cities like Rome. The efficient transportation of water contributed significantly to the Roman Empire's growth and longevity, showcasing their advanced engineering skills.