The construction of the Great Wall of China began in the 7th century BC, during the Warring States period. However, most of the existing structure that we recognize today was built during the Ming Dynasty, which lasted from 1368 to 1644. The wall was initially constructed as a defense against invasions from nomadic tribes and served to protect trade routes, facilitate border control, and assert territorial integrity. Over centuries, various dynasties contributed to its expansion and fortification, resulting in a series of walls and watchtowers that stretched across northern China, making it one of the most iconic landmarks in the world.