The subjects generally included in the UPSC Preliminary Examination are General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II, also known as the CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test). Paper I covers a broad range of topics, including Indian history, geography, economics, polity, and environment. Paper II, on the other hand, assesses candidates' comprehension skills, logical reasoning, analytical ability, and basic numeracy. Additionally, the preliminary examination often contains questions based on current affairs and major national and international events to gauge an aspirant's awareness of the world around them.