Essential components of effective study material for UPSC include clarity of content, up-to-date information, and a structured format. Study materials should cover all syllabus topics comprehensively while being concise enough for efficient review. Well-annotated texts with relevant examples and case studies enhance understanding. Furthermore, materials should be supported by visual aids like diagrams and flowcharts to cater to different learning styles. Lastly, availability of practice questions and previous year papers is vital for familiarizing candidates with the exam pattern and types of questions asked.