Core competencies for effective UPSC exam preparation include critical thinking, time management, research skills, and effective communication. Critical thinking allows candidates to analyze complex issues and formulate informed opinions. Time management is essential for balancing vast syllabi with revisions and practice tests. Research skills enable aspirants to gather and synthesize information, while communication skills—including writing and speaking—are crucial for articulating responses clearly in essays and interviews. Additionally, candidates should develop resilience and adaptability to navigate the challenges of preparation, ensuring they remain persistent and focused throughout their journey towards success.