Common themes in UPSC essay papers over recent years include social issues, environmental challenges, and governance models. Topics often encourage candidates to express diverse viewpoints on contemporary affairs, such as women's empowerment and digital technology's impact on society. Addressing issues like corruption and economic disparity also feature prominently, encouraging analytical thinking and comprehensive understanding. Candidates should develop skills to explore complex problems deeply, formulating structured arguments and futuristic solutions, as these themes align well with both societal needs and the essence of civil service.