The first woman to be elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences is Marie Curie. Her groundbreaking work in the field of radioactivity established her as a leading scientist of her time, making significant contributions to both physics and chemistry. Curie was the first person ever to receive two Nobel Prizes in different scientific fields, highlighting her exceptional talent and dedication. Her membership in the Academy marked a pivotal moment in history, promoting the presence of women in the scientific community and advancing the role of women in science.