The historical figure associated with the phrase "The pen is mightier than the sword" is Edward Bulwer-Lytton. This phrase, originating from his 1839 play "Richelieu; Or the Conspiracy," emphasizes the power of communication and ideas over violence and force. Bulwer-Lytton's assertion highlights the importance of literature and diplomacy in effecting change, suggesting that words can be more impactful than physical conflict. This saying continues to resonate in discussions regarding social progress and the role of intellect in shaping society.