The core beliefs of Confucianism, as expressed in the teachings of Confucius, revolve around the importance of morality, social harmony, and ethical relationships. Key concepts include Ren (benevolence), which emphasizes compassion towards others, and Li (ritual/propriety), which pertains to the proper conduct in interpersonal relationships. Confucius stressed the value of education, emphasizing that self-cultivation leads to better character and social order. Hierarchical relationships, such as those between ruler and subject or parent and child, were also fundamental, promoting respect and duty. Collectively, these principles aimed to create a harmonious society based on mutual respect and moral governance.