Wangari Maathai championed several important innovations in environmental science, notably through her founding of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. This grassroots organization focused on environmental conservation, women's rights, and sustainable development by promoting tree planting to combat deforestation and desertification. Maathai's work emphasized the interconnection between environmental health and community well-being, advocating for eco-friendly practices and social justice. She became the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004, recognizing her contributions to both environmental and humanitarian efforts.