The historical figure famous for their exploration of the Pacific Ocean is James Cook. A British explorer and navigator, Cook made significant voyages in the 18th century, mapping vast regions of the Pacific, including parts of Australia, New Zealand, and the Hawaiian Islands. His meticulous charts and extensive documentation greatly advanced European understanding of the Pacific region. Cook's exploratory missions also contributed to the scientific revolution, as his expeditions were accompanied by naturalists and scientists. However, his journeys also had profound and often tragic effects on the indigenous peoples he encountered.